Montgomery County was established in 1776 from the northeastern part of Fincastle County (now abolished). The county's name honored General Richard Montgomery, killed during the assault on Quebec late in 1775. At the time of its creation, Montgomery covered nearly 12,000 square miles and extended westward to the Ohio River. In 1777 the western half of Montgomery was cut off to form Greenbrier County. Following this division, Montgomery County was still immense. Its territory included all or part of the following counties: Buchanan, Craig, Giles, Pulaski, Roanoke, Tazewell, Wythe and the West Virginia counties of Boone, Cabell, Fayette, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Raleigh, Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming.
A portion of Kanawha County was separated from Montgomery in 1788. In 1794 the boundary between Montgomery and Grayson was adjusted and the following year (1795) the line between Botetourt and Montgomery was altered slightly (a further alteration of this second line occurred in 1796) In 1808 Giles County was formed from part of Montgomery, followed by Floyd County in 1831. In 1839 another part of Montgomery was transferred to Floyd County. in 1840 a single farm was transferred back to Montgomery's control. In 1842 part of Pulaski County was given back to Montgomery. In 1849 Roanoke County annexed an adjacent portion of Montgomery lands and in 1853 part of Montgomery was added to form Craig County. Montgomery's boundaries stabilized at that point.
MONTGOMERY CO., VA 1810 CENSUS transcribed by John Vogt. 10 1/2 x 8 1/2, x, 39 pages, illustrations, maps, index. This is the first surviving
census for Montgomery, since both the 1790 and 1800 censuses have been lost. A full name index is provided.
Montgomery was an important and populous county in the mountainous foothills of southwestern Virginia and it was situated along the Great Road or Valley Road as it was called, which stretched from Maryland to the cumberland Gap and beyond into Tennessee and Kentucky,
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