New Kent County was created in 1654 from the upper part of York County and, like York, named for an English county. Its western limits were set as the headwaters of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey rivers, and it included lands on the north shore of the Pamunkey River (which were given to New Kent from King and Queen County in 1691). Hanover County was taken from New Kent's western land in 1721. The final boundary change occurred in 1767 when an exchange of land on the New Kent-James City boundary settled a dispute.
Most of New Kent's records postdate the Civil War. In 1787, a fire destroyed most of the county's colonial records; then the remaining pre-1865 files were destroyed in the 1865 Richmond fire during the evacuation of the city.
New Kent County,Virginia 1810 Federal Census: A TranscriptionFor records pertaining to New Kent COUNTY, VIRGINIA see:
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